From 3990f8de7438e0dae871b253a7b3b5d1bc45c586 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: demichesser048 Date: Fri, 3 Apr 2026 08:44:24 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] Add Testosterone and the Heart --- Testosterone-and-the-Heart.md | 11 +++++++++++ 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Testosterone-and-the-Heart.md diff --git a/Testosterone-and-the-Heart.md b/Testosterone-and-the-Heart.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7ecaf0b --- /dev/null +++ b/Testosterone-and-the-Heart.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +
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We have previously demonstrated that TRT in older, hypogonadal men confers changes to the protein composition of HDL without altering HDL-c concentrations or its cholesterol efflux capacity suggesting a neutral effect with regard to HDL-related cardiovascular risk. Importantly too, HDL-c concentrations in isolation may not be a reliable marker of CVD risk, since no long-term clinical data have established a link between the lower HDL-c concentrations caused specifically by TRT and increased incidence of CVD. The study endpoints include coronary artery plaque volume as measured by CT scan as well as serum lipids; thus, although resultant data merit interest, this study is underpowered to provide additional information regarding cardiovascular events. Recently, larger cross-sectional studies have been undertaken to better define the cardiovascular effects of TRT. Accordingly, clinical intervention studies have been performed to investigate whether TRT can mitigate CVD risk factors among men with low endogenous T concentrations; however, none of these have been powered to examine CVD event rates. The Rancho Bernardo study followed 1000 men aged 40–79 years over a 12-year period and found no association between plasma T levels and either extant CVD or subsequent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality . +The authors also found higher vascular and all-cause mortality among men with low plasma T levels when compared with men without androgen deficiency. In lieu of such data, small randomized trials to date have been performed that evaluate CVD risk factors rather than events as study endpoints, and these demonstrate mixed effects of TRT. [buy testosterone booster](https://music.wzsipku.cn/billieverret9) prescriptions have risen steadily and sharply in the USA despite a lack of clear understanding of the relationship between androgens and cardiovascular disease. Finally, it is well known that the serum levels of Tes fall markedly with increasing age in otherwise normal men, and there is increasing evidence that Tes replacement therapy significantly improves cardiovascular and metabolic functions in hypogonadal aging men (28, 33, 34, 53, 62). +An alternative approach, employed to examine the association between T levels over time and CVD, was a nested case–control study within the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging and the Multiple Risk Factors Intervention Trial . Additional longitudinal studies have similarly found that neither high nor low T levels predict incident myocardial infarction 14–16. In contrast, men in the highest quartile of serum T in the MrOS study had the lowest incidence of CVD events over 5 years of follow-up . These longitudinal analyses, therefore, relate endogenous T levels to the development of disease over time. This type of study design generally entails measurement of a single, or possibly two, serum T levels in participants, whose health trajectories are then followed over the ensuing years. Similar to these cross-sectional analyses, longitudinal data have shown mixed findings, although most studies have not demonstrated a relationship between circulating T levels and incident CVD. +Studies employing Tes analogs and metabolites reveal that androgen-induced vasodilation is a structurally specific nongenomic effect that is fundamentally different than the genomic effects on reproductive targets. It can also help increase blood platelet cells number, resulting in blood clotting more easily and increasing the risk of stroke. If you intend to learn more about the relationship between [buy testosterone without prescription](https://5starrecruitment.co/employer/what-causes-high-hematocrit-and-why-it-matters-for-men-on-trt) and arterial health and blood vessel elasticity, this website has answers to your questions. In turn, this reduces vascular stiffness and reduces the chances of developing cardiovascular diseases. +These findings prompted a prospective look at the relationship between plasma T levels and dyslipidemia through longitudinal studies. The Rancho Bernardo study also showed an inverse relationship between circulating T levels and plasma VLDL . Most of these studies have also demonstrated an inverse relationship between T levels and both plasma triglycerides 32–34,36 and total cholesterol 32,34. In parallel to these clinical investigations, ongoing research efforts have been invested in better understanding the mechanisms by which T may influence cardiovascular health. Overall, these types of retrospective analyses do not substantiate conclusions assigning a causal role for TRT in the development of cardiovascular morbidity but they clearly underscore the need for larger, randomized trials of TRT and CVD. After adjustment for over 50 variables, those individuals who had received a prescription for T following coronary angiography had a higher incidence of CVD events compared with the group who had not received a T prescription over an average of 27.5 months of follow-up. Importantly, the interpretive value of these randomized controlled trials remains limited, as these studies were not powered to look at CVD events as an outcome. +Studies have suggested that low levels of [testosterone online pharmacy](https://devnew.judefly.com/index.php?link1=read-blog&id=48579_from-dad-bod-to-fit-again-how-natural-testosterone-support-is-fueling-mens-fitne.html) may have a connection with an increased risk of cardiovascular problems such as stroke and heart disease. Because of the increase in the number of prescriptions and use of [buy testosterone powder](https://mygit.kikyps.com/nathanielbrisb) in adult males for the treatment of hypogonadism, low libido, and weakness,1 an investigation of the effects of [buy testosterone enanthate online](https://www.findinall.com/profile/freddowden8154) on the cardiovascular system in basic science studies was carried out. To the contrary, recent literature has raised concern for increased cardiovascular disease in certain groups of men receiving [testosterone for sale](http://118.195.135.194:3000/gonzalonqn8513) therapy. There has been longstanding concern that [buy testosterone steroids](http://111.230.243.127:3000/lisasugerman77) replacement therapy may increase cardiovascular risk, as well as the risk of thromboembolic disease. Does [testosterone for sale](https://www.makemyjobs.in/companies/buy-testosterone-enanthate-online,-cheap-injection-for-sale/) replacement therapy in middle-aged and older men with hypogonadism cause increased overall cardiovascular risk? +Indeed, the vasorelaxing capability of Tes and its 5-reduced metabolites, particularly 5β-DHT (48), which are produced in the materno-fetoplacental unit (1), may be physiologically relevant in maintaining a sustained vasodilation in the fetoplacental circulation. In support of this view, 5β-DHT produces vasodepressor responses in pithed rats in vivo (51) and the activity of 5β-reductase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of Tes to 5β-DHT, is significantly lower in essential hypertensive patients compared with their normotensive controls (21). It has been documented that serum 5α-DHT levels decline in men at the age of 50–70 years, whereas in women this hormone exhibits a progressive decline between the age ranges of 20–30 and 70–80 years (29); however, it is unclear whether possible reductions in 5β-DHT levels are related to pathophysiological changes with CVD. +Notably, substantial decreases in HDL-c concentrations have mainly been demonstrated with supraphysiologic doses of androgens administered to young men and the use of anabolic androgens among athletes . Interestingly, these authors reported that when T concentrations were tracked over time, a greater decline was evident among men with multiple CVD risk factors than men without risk factors, with T levels in some subjects reaching the hypogonadal range. However, in an analysis in older men from the Framingham heart study , [buy testosterone online no prescription](https://pattern-wiki.win/wiki/User:DamarisLeist7) association between plasma lipids and T concentrations was observed. A positive correlation exists between HDL-c and circulating T concentrations, as seen in multiple studies including the San Antonito Heart study , the Tromso study , the Turku Male Aging study , the Rancho Bernardo study , MRFIT and a study from Ghent, Belgium . Therefore, the higher rate of cardiovascular events noted in the TOM trial might be attributable to a poorer baseline cardiometabolic profile among the participants. In fact, a similar study of comparable size and design did not observe such an increase in CVD events among men randomized to the T arm . The authors further suggested that the Xu meta-analysis may have noted an association because their definition of cardiovascular events was more inclusive than typical restriction to major adverse cardiovascular events. +It is notable, however, that these community-dwelling participants had very significantly reduced mobility, a high prevalence of chronic disease, and that they received rather high doses of T in this study. In contrast, another recent meta-analysis that included the largest number of studies so far did not find any association between TRT and [jobcop.ca](https://jobcop.ca/employer/testosterone-for-sale-buy-testosterone-online-legally/) CVD risk. Rather than observational findings, interventional data are required to infer causality between androgen exposure and CVD risk in men. An alternative interpretation of these longitudinal data, like those from cross-sectional studies, is that low T levels are a marker of ill health. In aggregate, though there have been mixed results regarding the relationship between low endogenous T levels and incident CVD, these studies suggest that, if anything, higher T levels may be protective. Investigators found no differences in baseline circulating T levels, [allyoutubes.com](https://allyoutubes.com/@izettasaraneal?page=about) between the controls and those men who developed incident coronary events, over a decade of follow-up. Subjects enrolled in these studies were followed over a long period of time and then divided into cases or controls, based on development of coronary events. +
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